MAL & Biotin-dPEG®x-lipoic acids

Amount: 100 mg

Item Name: Biotin-dPEG®11-Lipoic acid

Item #: 10822

Mol. Wt.: 959.28;

single compound dPEG Spacer is 43 atoms and 52.9 A

Product Features and Benefits: For high binding of streptavidin derivatives Also, for immobilizing, e.g, antibodies onto gold or silver particles, as well as quantum dots NOW offering NEW FUNCTIONALITY! Maleimide (MAL)…putting down antibodies, thiol terminated peptides and oligos, and anything else with a thiol!! Biotin…allows all of the great applications using biotinstreptavidin chemistry Same high binding surface modifier as our other lipoic acid derivatives Designed for growing range of nanotechnology applications involving gold or silver nanoparticles, quantum dots and other metal particles, including magnetic. The lipoic acid moiety readily attaches itself to a metal surface (e.g., gold) through the two sulfur atoms, and is much more difficult to remove with reducing agents (e.g., DTT) than mono-thiol compounds; hence, the nanoparticle structure is more stable. The dPEG®x linker imparts water solubility to the nanoparticle or quantum dot as well as all of the other benefits of dPEG®s. Initially offering a limited but very representative choice of spacers to allow some initial optimization, more options will follow in time, or can be requested. Compounds are sold with the lipoic acid moiety oxidized. The lipoic acid moiety may be reduced easily with TCEP (PN10014) or with sodium borohydride to form dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), however there is mixed data to suggest if this is generally an advantage. NO ODOR!!! We love the lipoic acid derivatives because of their HIGH binding, and almost as much we love the lipoic acids because of their lack of ODOR. Stench is often operative for thiols!!! Applications: Nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology using gold or silver particles or quantum dots are broadly diverse, rapidly expanding areas of study in medical diagnostics, medical therapeutics, and chemistry. Metal particles, however, are not water soluble without further modification. Thiols readily bind to gold surfaces, forming dative bonds, and modification of metal nanoparticles with thiol compounds has been commonly used to form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and to modify surfaces for coupling proteins and other molecules to the nanoparticles. Monothiols, however, can be readily removed by compounds such as DTT (Cleland’s Reagent). The disulfide lipoic acid (also known as thioctic acid) has been used to modify metal surfaces. Lipoic acid is much more resistant than monothiols to removal from the metal surface by DTT and similar reagents. The dPEG® linker imparts water solubility. The dPEG® linkers terminating in a maleimide moiety can be used for huge range of coupling ligands The dPEG® linkers terminating in a biotin molecule opens up the entire range of biotin-SA/avidin applications. These can also be used in conjunction with the methoxy-dPEGx-lipoic acids to cap the surface and leading to an optimal impartation of the magnificent properties of the dPEG®s. Protocols: See selected references below.

References: Greg T. Hermanson. Bioconjugate Techniques, 2nd edition. Elsevier, Inc., Burlington, MA 01803, April 2008 (ISBN-13: 978-0-12-370501-3; ISBN-10: 0-12-370501-0), pages 188-190, 485-497, 924-935. MAL-dPEG® 3-Lipoic acid application: Tai Hwan Ha, et al., Oriented Immobilization of Antibodies with GSTFused Multiple Fc-Specific B-Domains on a Gold Surface, Anal. Chem., 2007, 79, 546-556. Example of biotin-dPEG®3 lipoic acid/DHLA: Kimihiro Susumu, et al., Design of Biotin-Functionalized Luminescent Quantum Dots, J. of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2007, Article ID 90651, 7 pages. Bing C. Mei, et al., Polyethylene glycol-based bidentate ligands to enhance quantum dot and gold nanoparticle stability in biological data, Nature Protocols, 2009, 4(3), 412-423. Guodong Zhang, et al., Influence of anchoring ligands and particle size on the colloidal stability and in vivo biodistribution of polyethylene glycol-coated gold nanoparticles in tumor-zenografted mice. Biomaterials, 2009, 30, 1928-1936. Bing C. Mei, et al., Modular poly(ethylene glycol) ligands for biocompatible semiconductor and gold...